- LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL - AN OVERVIEW

In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko identified which the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is mostly a result of the lack of oxygen in Nb2O5, utilised like a raw substance initial soften (Czochralski system) [186]. Appropriately, dependant upon its generation engineering, niobium pentoxide can undertake a wide range of compositions Nb2O5�